Plantar Fasciitis
Tips for General Practitioners – Plantar fasciitis (Policeman’s Heel)
Plantar fasciitis (Policeman’s Heel)
Plantar fasciitis is a common condition affecting mainly those around middle age. It is characterized by pain under the heel and is often of insidious onset. It is aggravated by excessive walking or standing. Hence the term “Policeman's Heel” referring to the officers who had to walk long distances while on patrol. Paradoxically, many patients will complain of having symptoms of waking up in the morning and putting their feet down with the pain going away after walking a few steps.
Diagnosis of Plantar Fascitis is made on clinical grounds but XRs may sometimes be obtained to exclude occult fractures of the calcaneum inactive individuals.
Heel spurs are occasionally seen on XRs. These are commonly thought by laymen to be the cause of their pain. In fact, the spur has nothing to do with Plantar fascitis and is present in 20% of patients who have no symptoms at all. Instead, chronic tears or inflammation of the origin of the plantar fascia is thought to be the cause of the pain.
X-Ray showing a typical “heel spur” (Figure 1)
Diagnosis of Plantar Fascitis is made on clinical grounds but XRs may sometimes be obtained to exclude occult fractures of the calcaneum inactive individuals.
Heel spurs are occasionally seen on XRs. These are commonly thought by laymen to be the cause of their pain. In fact, the spur has nothing to do with Plantar fascitis and is present in 20% of patients who have no symptoms at all. Instead, chronic tears or inflammation of the origin of the plantar fascia is thought to be the cause of the pain.
X-Ray showing a typical “heel spur” (Figure 1)
Figure 1
Treatment
90% of patients get better with conservative treatment. Treatment modalities include activity modification, shoe alteration, heel inserts, ultrasound and stretching exercises. Steroid injections can be given for recalcitrant cases.
Steroid Injections for plantar fasciitis
Steroid injections are often effective for treating cases of plantar fascitis which don’t respond to more simple treatment. Care must taken to avoid injecting into the heel pad or the tendo Achilles. This can result in atrophy of the pad or rupture of the tendo Achilles.
Technique
Equipment
- Use a 10 mL syringe and a 21-Gauge needle. A 23-Gauge needle is also acceptable.
- Lignocaine can be used safely in dosages of less than 2 mg/kg bodyweight. Generally, 50 mg (5 mL of a one percent preparation) provides adequate analgesia within safe limits.
- Triamcinolone or other steroid preparations are equally acceptable.
- Aseptic techniques should be strictly adhered to.
Important landmarks
Landmarks to note are the Heel Pad, the junction between normal skin and the skin of the heel pad and the tendon Achilles.
Figure 2.
Identify the Heel pad and the junction between the normal skin and the skin of the heel pad
Figure 3.
Palpate for the most tender spot at the junction of the heel pad and normal skin. This should be well away from the tendon Achilles.
Figure 4.
The Steroid and Local Anaesthetic should be injected into the most tender spot palpated. Care should be taken to avoid injecting into the heel pad as this can cause heel pad atrophy.
Figure 2.
Identify the Heel pad and the junction between the normal skin and the skin of the heel pad
Figure 3.
Palpate for the most tender spot at the junction of the heel pad and normal skin. This should be well away from the tendon Achilles.
Figure 4.
The Steroid and Local Anaesthetic should be injected into the most tender spot palpated. Care should be taken to avoid injecting into the heel pad as this can cause heel pad atrophy.
Figure 2
Figure 3
Figure 4
Post op advice for patients
- Effects of the lignocaine usually wear off in a few hours. However, the steroid should slowly take effect over the next few weeks.
- Avoid strenuous activity for the following 24 hours.
- If symptoms worsen within the next 2 days, seek medical attention at the clinic. This may be due to a “steroid flare”, which can be managed with cold compresses, NSAIDs and adequate rest.
Contraindications
- Skin abrasions or infections.
- Known allergy to local anaesthetics.